WHAT’S ROBOT?
This is the base of basic important knowledge before you make robot. Yes, maybe you are bored to catch all the point. Because me, myself also bored to learn this basic when I still studied in the class about robot. But, want or don’t want, you should comprehend all of this basic.
What's robot?? It's useless if you are study robotic & read articles but you don't know what's robot itself. Ok so robot is a machine or device that doesn't have emotions which is programmed to do things obediently as what we order to. So if it's programmed to walk & you order the robot to walk, it will walk. Then if you punch it, it won't cry or angry to you because robot doesn't have emotions. Next, the robot moves constantly. If one step of walking is programmed by 1 m, it will walk by 1 m at each step. Robot won't tired however you order it to walk for 100 km as long as it has enough power supply (In this case is electricity). Robot always does things which are programmed. If you program the robot to walk, the robot will walk & won't sit down.
ROBOT HISTORICAL
The first robot was introduced in the 1920's. Karl Capek, born in Bohemia, Czechoslovakia or was Austria Hungarian Empire in the past, who introduced the first robot on stage.. He was a playwright and known too as a columnist by the major newspaper company in his country. In the first, a word "robot" was coming from "robota" which mean a hard labor in Czech. The labori itself mean an artificial worker which Karl wondered in his play.. But Karl's brother, Joseph suggest him to take out the "a". So until today, the machine called robot.
The Robotic Laws or some said The Laws of Robotic are concluded by the Russian-American scientist, Isaac Asimov in 1940's. These are The Laws of Robotics;
- Law Zero, A robot may not injure humanity or through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.
- Law One, A robot may not injure a human being or through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
- Law Two, A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the Law One.
- Law Three, A robot must protect its own existence, as long as such protection doesn't conflict with the Law One or Law Two.
MECHANICAL INSTRUMENT
There are several things that you must know for the mechanical instruments. There are main board, motor (DC Motor, Servo Motor, or others), and some other equipments to construct the robot’s body.
>>MAIN BOARD
Main Board or Mother Board is the robot’s brain. Main Board processes all programs which are installed. Main Board will surely do thing which is installed accurately and constant. Inconstant and inaccurate mostly happen due to the miss calculation of movement. Example, if you program the robot to move for 3 meters it’ll move 3 meters. But remember, if the Motors slipped down on the gear, however you program to move 3 meters, I’m sure that your robot won’t move for 3 meters. This is the problem that pushes you to have good calculation and analytical thing to make a robot.
In some input slots’ on Main Board, there are several basic colors which you should comprehend carefully. There are usually 3 basic colors on the Main Board. They are: Black, Red, and White.
- Black Color is used as the way for negative electricity statement or similar.
- Red Color is used as the way for positive electricity statement or similar.
- White Color is used as the way to transfer all program by wire cable.
So, the main point of Main Board is the place where all information data about input and output and also the program processed in. When Main Board gets some inputs needed, it will decide the action which should be taken and the next following procedure which has already been programmed.
Then there are several colors for output devices to connect with. Other is same with the input slots’ color but there is some difference. Some of them just only have 2 colors. They are Black and Red. But both the function of them are same.
>>Motor
The second is Motors. Motors are the mechanical device for the robot to act or the action device of the robot. There are a lot of kind of motors, the basic one are DC Motor and Servo Motor. DC Motor is a motor which can turn 360o and used battery’s power or d current of electricity, however there are some used AC electricity, because their opinion was, “it will be stronger if we use AC”. But the AC one is more hazardous for me, so I prefer the DC one because of smaller power.
>>Servo
Third, Servo Motor. Servo Motor is a motor which only can use for 180o movement. Servo Motor has 2 kind of electricity. There are DC Servo ( D Current ) and AC Servo ( Alternating Current ). But usually we use the DC one due to the fact that it doesn’t rare in electronic shop. So I suggest you to buy the DC one if you need Servo Motor.
Motor only has 2 wire colors, Black and Red. The black one is used to connect to negative electricity which is located in the Main Board. The red one is used to connect to positive electricity, also in the Main Board.
